MODALS

                                                 

                                                MODALS               Prepared by :-- Deepak Juneja PGT English

Sr. No.	Modals	Use	Examples
01.	Can	(i) To express ability, capacity to do something (ii) To seek/ grant /refuse permission (iii) To make a request (iv) To make an offer	I can speak English very well. He can eat 10 chapaties at a time. Can I talk to you? Yes, you can. No, you can not. Can you wait for a moment please? I can lend you this money only till tomorrow.
02.	Could (past form of can)	(i) To express ability, capacity to do something in past (ii) Polite request	When he was a child , he could win any race. Two years ago, he could solve any question. Could you lend me ten rupees? Could he help me in this project?
03.	May	(i) To express possibility (ii) To seek/grant permission (More polite than can) (iii) Polite offer (iv) To express a wish (v) To express a purpose	He may visit our Vidyalaya today. India may win the match. May I take leave today? Yes you may. No, you may not. May I help you? May you live long. May his soul rest in peace. We eat so that we may live. We come here so that we may get food.
04.	Might (past form of may)	(i) To express possibility (Lesser possibility than may) (ii) Hesitant offer (iii) Polite request (more polite than may)	He might attend the function. She might win the election. Might I take his help? Might I open this window? Might I ask you a question?
Sr. No.	Modals	Use	Examples
05.	Must	(i) Force, necessity, obligation, compulsion (ii) Prohibition (iii) Advice, recommendation	You must take that way. He must follow me. They must not park vehicles here. You must not stay here. He must work hard. She must use that face-powder.
06.	Need not	Not necessary	You need not talk to him. He need not make him enemy.
07.	Ought to	Moral and social obligation	He ought to obey his parents. She ought to behave properly with your friends.
08.	Shall	(i) Offer (ii) Command (iii) Promise/Assurance (iv) Threat/ Punishment	Shall I carry your bag? Shall he help you? Each employee shall follow these rules. All students shall wear the uniform bearing new logo. You shall have a smart phone if you get  good marks in examination. He shall receive punishment for this. You shall pay for it.
09.	Will	(i) To make a request (ii) To express determination	(i) Will you please stop talking? (ii) Will he talk to me please? He will work hard. He will earn more and more money.
10.	Would (past form of will)	(i) To make a request (more polite than ‘will’) (ii) To express desire politely (iii) To express preference	Would you help me? Would you buy a pen for me? I would like to share my views. I would like to call him on the stage. I would prefer to live in Chittorgarh than Delhi. I would prefer to sleep than watching that senseless programme.

                                  Prepared by :-- Deepak Juneja PGT English